Desensitization and Media Violence

Talk about the connection between viciousness in the media brutality in the general public. Does brutality in the media make individuals progressively open minded of savagery in the general public? Likewise, does brutality in the media cause individuals to carry on viciously? The effect of brutality in the media identifying with the general public is an extraordinary subject talked about in this century. Gerbner characterized viciousness as â€Å"a danger or utilization of physical power, coordinated against oneself or others in which physical mischief or demise is involved† (refered to in Giddens, 2006, p. 610).The media incorporates various methods for correspondence, for example, TV, radio, papers, computer games; web and so on. Individuals utilize media as a wellspring of data, diversion and recreation action (Brown, 2005, p. 161). As per O’Donnell (2005), the two principle jobs of the media are to make benefit as far as cash and advance specific philosophy. The dat a that individuals see, hear or read has incredible effect on people’s characters, qualities and interests. It likewise influences the manner in which individuals think and act with respect to specific issues dependent on the â€Å"provided† proof (Brown, 2005,p. 62). In any case, individuals have capacity to assess and choose what they hear, see or read dependent on their social encounters, ethnic starting point, social class and sexual orientation (Brown, 2005, p. 185). Presently, the inquiries emerge as, what is the connection between media viciousness and the brutality in the general public? Regardless of whether media brutality cause individuals to carry on viciously or it desensitizes individuals? Consistently, sociologists and analysts have inspected these issues and have endeavored to clarify or refute it utilizing various speculations and researches.In the primary spot, the media assumes incredible job in molding esteems, mentalities and conduct through standa rd setting plan. It fortifies adjustment to accepted practices and demoralizes non-traditionalist conduct (Brown, 2005, p. 169). It additionally gives other data that the general public feels significant like climate and wellbeing. Notwithstanding, strife approach announces that the media controls thoughts and musings of the general public through plan setting and door keeping (Brown, 2005, p. 169). Notwithstanding that, the media used to develop the updates on wrongdoing and brutality to keep individuals busy with these issues.For model, assaults more established individuals, wounding, assaulting and group battles get over detailed (Brown, 2005,p. 182). Thompson’s hypothesis of crowd models expressed that cooperation among media and individuals is â€Å"mediated semi interaction† which implies there is no eye to eye or direct association. Along these lines, it leaves the watchers in a conversation of unanswered inquiries. This advances belief system and impact of what media needs on individuals (Giddens, 2006, p. 604). The satisfaction model crowd utilizes the media for what they need and overlook the rest.Instead, hypodermic model crowd what they hear, see or read without contemplating it (Giddens, 2006, p. 608&609). Along these lines, genuinely or sincerely â€Å"excited† watchers become effectively animated by brutality (Anderson and Wartell, 2003, p. 85). As per Brown (2005), â€Å"estimates propose youthful watchers will see around 13000 killings on television†. Osofsky and Eisenberg (1995&2000) expressed that presentation to savagery subvert the advancement of feeling guideline aptitudes. This prompts forceful conduct, mentalities and loss of critical thinking procedures (refered to in Funk et. al. , 2004, p. 24).It additionally impacts moral assessment, thus the watcher neglects to see or react to signs (Eron, 2001, refered to in Funk et. al. , 2004, p. 26). Scientists and sociologists allude these impacts as â€Å" desensitization†. Desensitization happens because of rehashed presentation to genuine viciousness (Ceballo et al. , 2001, refered to in Funk et. al. , 2004, p. 26). In like manner, anecdotal savagery like films and computer games likewise add to the viciousness conduct (Funk et. al. , 2004, p. 26). The media produces â€Å"a incredible desensitization mediation on a worldwide level† (Science Daily, 2006). Besides, desensitization is separated into two categories.When, the watcher show desensitizing or blunting of enthusiastic response to rough occasions is called passionate desensitization. At the point when individuals begin responding that brutality is not much, it is somewhat every day schedule is called intellectual desensitization (Funk et al. , 2004, p. 26). An examination was directed to inspect desensitization by Drabman and Thomas (1974). In this examination, the youngsters who saw rough film required grown-up help to dodge the forceful intuition towards the sc enes. The measure of time that individuals spend on viewing vicious media prompts Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) (Schechter, 2010). Animosity is generally founded on the actuation and use of hostility related information structures put away in memory† (Bushman and Anderson, 2002). Afterward, Molitor and Hirsch (1994) affirmed that â€Å"viewing savagery expands resilience of violence† (refered to in Funk et al. , 2004, p. 26). It is accepted that anecdotal viciousness desensitizes individuals to genuine brutality by letting the watcher taking part in savage activities (Funk et al, 2004, p. 27). An exploration by Funk (2004) uncovered that presentation to video game savagery was related with low sympathy and more grounded star brutality attitudes.The social intellectual hypothesis proposes that because of rehashed introduction to media viciousness the individual experiences mental desensitization. This hypothesis clarifies how individuals gain and keep up certain s tandards of conduct, while additionally giving the premise to mediation systems (Bandura, 1997). As indicated by Bushman and Anderson (2001), logical proof was adequate to guarantee that media viciousness introduction was decidedly connected to huge brutal practices and that even momentary presentation was adequate to cause increments in forceful conduct (refered to in Bushman and Anderson, 2002).The reason for future social, enthusiastic, intellectual, and physical advancement is laid during youth. They can be controlled and defrauded by the media brutality. â€Å"Concerns about youngster introduction to savage media have expanded as TV and computer games have indicated more violence† (Schechter, 2010). One of the primary speculations is the Bandura’s social learning hypothesis. This hypothesis for the most part traces that kids learn rough acts subsequent to seeing them. One of the principle issues looked by youngsters, who intensely stare at the TV, is decline in co gnizance of torment and sufferings of others.Furthermore, they will in general be progressively uncertain and caution of their environmental factors. Likewise, they resort to pick progressively forceful and hurtful decisions towards others. Analysts have revealed that high introduction of rough computer games can be connected to wrongdoing, battling at school and during free play periods, and fierce criminal activities (Anderson and Bushman, 2007). The seriousness of savage acts from different sorts of media, for example, PC games and motion pictures has likewise expanded quickly. The latest sort of media brutality is the savage computer games (Bushman and Anderson, (2002). Brutal movies and projects that likely have the most malicious impacts on youngsters are not generally the ones that grown-ups and pundits accept are the most violent† (APA, 2003). Scientists have built up a few hypotheses demonstrating that society is influenced by the impact of the media. Various youngste rs were demonstrated a video in which an individual beats a Bobo doll. At that point they were placed into a live with a Bobo doll to check whether the kid emulates the conduct. After it was suggested, this hypothesis demonstrated that youngsters imitated media viciousness. Notwithstanding that, adolescence ith animosity, further down the road ejects criminal practices like companion misuse and manslaughter (Anderson et al, Wartell, 2003, p. 81). Another examination led by the clinicians, uncovered that â€Å"children who watch brutal motion pictures, games and TV programs had been sentenced for violations at more than multiple times the pace of other men† when they grow up (APA, 2003). Kids get insusceptible to the media viciousness they begins to mirror it (AACAP, 2011). Rehashed presentation to vicious media becomes wide exhibit of forceful and fierce practices and later it changes as forceful and criminal conduct (Bushman and Anderson, 2002).The General Aggression model b y Bushman and Anderson (2002) has demonstrated their hypothesis on the connection between savagery in media cause individuals to carry on brutally. At the point when an ecological circumstance seems vague, an individual may depend on what they have seen, heard or read to decipher that circumstance as threatening, justifying forceful activity (Ferguson et al. , 2008). Besides, Peterson and Pfost (1989) found that presentation to non-sensual brutal music recordings drove antagonistic sexual convictions and negative consequences for men.Similarly, another examination demonstrated that explicitly subordinate pictures of ladies prompts teenager dating savagery, all things considered, circumstances (Johnson et al. Reed, 1995, refered to in Anderson et al. , 2003, p. 89). The media likewise assume an astounding job in â€Å"contagion of violence†. It is accepted that â€Å"well known person’s self destruction improve the probability that others will likewise take their own l ives† (Phillips, 1979 and Simon 1979, refered to in Anderson et al, p. 89). A particular explanation behind the explanation of savagery in the general public has not been discovered.One of the primary driver of this isn't having the option to utilize a normalized proportion of animosity and media viciousness. Estimating rough criminal conduct in research facility studies would plainly be untrustworthy (Bushman and Anderson, 2001). Besides researchers keep an eye on not report negative discoveries in their examines. In spite of all the examination, there has been almost no dependable proof that media viciousness causes forceful conduct. Media viciousness contemplates can't be totally depended upon as they neglect to represent third variables.Researchers recognize that different factors may assume a job in animosity

Influence on the General Motors Corporation Essay Example for Free

Impact on the General Motors Corporation Essay This report examines the essential interior and outside effect on the General Motors Corporation and the impact of changing world of politics on strategy making and reaction of the company. At that point the report talks about the changing world of politics in and its impact. The impacts of world of politics on strategies and dynamic to the organization are dissected. The company reaction to the world of politics changing is fundamentally assessed. Finally, some improvement recommendation for the partnership in the reaction of the changing world of politics is illustrated. IntroductionGeneral Motors Corporation is the biggest vehicle produces on the planet. The organization, which is situated in Detroit, utilizes in excess of 260 millions individuals and sells vehicles and trucks in around 35 nations. The organization has a predominant impact in vehicle showcase in the United States and other created market, for example, the United Kingdom, Canada, etc. The organization likewise appreciates a huge piece of the pie in the fast developing business sector of creating nations, for example, China and Brazil. Be that as it may, the enterprise is in face of changing inward and outside condition. Conversation and AnalysisIn the initial segment of the report, the essential inside and outer impact is broke down after the SWOT Matrix, which is a cutting edge device for investigation of inward and outside condition. In the SWOT Matrix, the S represents qualities, W for shortcomings, O for circumstances, and T for dangers. The qualities and shortcomings are the investigation of inner impact while the potentials for success and dangers have for the impact of outer situations. In the accompanying piece of the report, the qualities, shortcoming, openings and dangers that have impact of the association is talked about individually. Interior impact: Strengths This segment breaks down the interior qualities of the enterprise. The General Motors are wealthy in brands and product offerings. The General Motors Corporation procured and mergers numerous brands and auto organizations in the beginning period of its history. The General Motors Corporation obtained Buick and Oldsmobile after it is established. At that point it brought Cadillac, Elmore and Oakland, etc. Thus, the enterprise possesses numerous brandsâ which are fit for various fragmented markets. Contrasting with Fords just giving dark Model T vehicles in the early years the General Motors Corporation gives different models, hues and brands for various markets. For instance, the pragmatic and efficient Chevrolet are intended for passage level customers, the Buick are make for white collar class purchaser and extravagance Cadillac for very good quality shoppers. (Warell, 2008) The upside of multi brands technique is to fulfill the requirements and needs of various gathering of shoppers to enter progressively portioned markets. The multi brands make GM a goliath automaker and appreciates enormous piece of the overall industry. The General Motors Corporation has the quality that it oversees the development innovation and has an affecting force in the circulation channel. The General Motors Corporation has created for a century since it is established in 1908. During the time, the innovation and channel impact is aggregating and expanding. The innovation is vital in the engine business, however the innovation aggregating needs a significant stretch. The General Motors Corporation currently oversees the cutting edge innovation that it can make progressively complex cars which are increasingly strong, more wellbeing, and have a rapider speed. Then again, the General Motors Corporation has a predominant force in the circulation channel. The General Motors Corporation has been the top vehicle maker for quite a while in like manner it has a solid dealing power in the appropriation channel. The organization can convey it item in the United States and all around the globe. The innovation and dispersion channel can be an incredible aide in the further improvement of the association. Inner impact: Weaknesses This segment breaks down the interior shortcomings of the company. One of the most huge shortcomings is that the expense of creation is excessively high. The Japanese automakers, for example, Toyota are hazardous contenders for the General Motors Corporation and the have mixed for a serious huge piece of pieces of the overall industry if the GM in America and the worldwide markets. The Japanese contenders chop down the expense immensely by lean creation. Nonetheless, the creation cost is still high in the General Motors Corporation. Also, the wastefulness of creation cause the significant expense of its autos and the piece of the pie contracts accordingly. (Coffey, 2005) Especially in face of the budgetary emergency, the General Motors Corporation has a lot to learn structure lean creation to chop down its creation costs. The bureaucratic culture is another shortcoming in the company. The General Motors Corporation utilizes in excess of 260 millions staff, which forms a gigantic and complex association. The General Motors Corporation had started to lead the pack in association. For instance, the enterprise had infused into grid association that consolidated the practical and task examples of division in a similar organization in early years. The General Motors Corporation additionally sorted out with vital specialty unit that grouped items and product offerings in a similar autonomous business office in front of different enterprises. The decentralization makes every office a benefit place. Notwithstanding, after periods of improvement the divisions and specialty units concerns more on their own advantages and become bureaucratic. The all around characterized division of offices and joined became lack and protection from change. Formal and casual systems shaped in the company. The bureaucratic culture is collecting and hander the further improvement of the partnership. Outer impact: Opportunities This area dissects the outside chances of the organization. The developing markets of creating nations give an extraordinary chance to the General Motors Corporation. The market of created nations is completely secured and shut to immersion in the cutting edge days. For instance, in the United States there are two vehicles in a family in normal so the market can not keep a quick developing rate. On the nation, advertise in creating nations shows their latent capacity. The business volume in China and Brazil is second just to the market of the United States. Numerous worldwide automaker bunches are scrambling for these business sectors. The enormous and potential markets of creating nations will give chances to the enterprise. The accomplishment in innovation is an incredible open doors for the General Motors Corporation. The innovation makes advancement accomplishment in fields of data, assembling, fuel, etc. The development of informationâ technology and execution of the executives data framework cause it conceivable to gather to and investigation exact information and data all around the colossal association. The PCs and moment specialized apparatus help the organization to sort out and deal with the flexibly chain. The new techniques in assembling, for example, lean creation, can expand the effectiveness of creation while chopping down the expense. The main edge accomplishment on fuel and new vitality motor can advance the redesign of vehicles. The General Motors Corporation is sufficiently immense to manage the cost of the expense of RD focus and the execute of new innovation, which thus can raise the competency of the company. (Sengi et al, 2004) Outside impact: Threats This segment investigates the outside dangers of the partnership. The inexorably developing cost of oil is a danger to the General Motors Corporation. From one viewpoint, shoppers go to other vehicle apparatuses when they can not bear the cost of the high petro cost. Then again, they need to buy vitality sparing cars. Numerous results of the General Motors Corporation are huge in size and overwhelming in weight and they are high fuel utilization engines. The vacillation of oil cost negatively affects the business volume of the car of the General Motors Corporation. Some political affaires, for example, wars and conflictions in the Middle East, the oil stun brought about by OPEC with financial and political reason, the earth insurance associations hostile to vehicle development, etc, improve the dangers of oil value choppiness. The opposition, both in the United States and the worldwide market, is an essential danger to the General Motors Corporation. There are three automaker mammoths in the United States. They are the General Motors, Ford, and Daimler Chrysler. They contend savage in the United States and in worldwide market. In the Europe, there are solid contenders, for example, BMW, Mercedes-Benz, and Peugeot and so forth. During the 1970s, with the raising of oil value, some Japanese automakers slowly held onto the vehicle pieces of the pie. The ease and vitality sparing vehicles, for example, Toyota, Honda, etc became world acclaimed brands. Increasingly more car brands go into the United States and they likewise scramble the worldwide vehicle advertise. (Loomis, 2006) They contend and attempt to meet shoppers various needs and needs with lower creation cost. The opposition in and abroad America is wild and dangers theâ survival of the General Motors Corporation. Coming up next is the second piece of the report. This area of the report examines the changing condition in and on board the United States. To begin with, the impacts of world of politics on strategies and dynamic to the General Motors Corporation will be examined. Second, the organization reaction to the world of politics changing will be fundamentally assessed. Finally, some improvement recommendation for the organization in the reaction of the changing world of politics will be illustrated. Impact on arrangements and choice makingThis segment investigates the influenc

The Dictionary of Fictional Techniques Proxy Detailing

The Dictionary of Fictional Techniques Proxy Detailing The Dictionary of Fictional Techniques  is a running feature in which I observe, name, and discuss heretofore uncategorized (at least to my knowledge) literary devices. See previous entries here. ____________________________ Proxy Detailing: Giving the particular name, brand, or style of an object to give it specificity without actually describing it. Example: Two days after his caran 85 Chrysler LeBaron with leather seats and all-power accessoriesvanished from the driveway, Warren Ziller crept past the expensive homes of his neighbors, trying to match his dogs limp. from  A Model Home  by Eric Puchner Discussion: This is a particular pet peeve of mine, but Ill try to keep my discussion here somewhat reasonable. Proxy detailing seems to me a rather recent phenomenon (and by recent, I mean the last several decades) as advertising and brand recognition have allowed it to be at all useful. The strength of this technique is fairly plain: if you tell the reader exactly what the car/object is, then they have a ready image of it. It is as specific as you can really be, without having to describe what the object is. The weaknesses, though, are considerable. First, if your reader is not already familiar with the brand/object, it is quite a bit more frustrating for them than just saying car. For example, I have no idea what an 85 Chrysler LeBaron looks like, so rather than bringing me closer to the object, this proxy detailing actually creates more distance than just car would, as I am now aware that there is a gap between the information intended and the information received. Another weakness of proxy detailing is that it shortcuts one of the things we ask literature to do, namely, to help us see the familiar in a new light. If I do indeed have a sufficient knowledge of an 85 Chrysler LeBaron to form an image of it, it is my image that is being formed, unaltered and unestranged by the authors artistic vision. ____________________________ All entries in The Dictionary of Fictional Techniques are original to, unless otherwise cited. (This means that they aren’t ‘real words,’ so don’t use them in your freshman comp essay)

Global Warming Essay - 1486 Words

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Impact Of Globalization On The Coffee Industry - 1178 Words

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Big hotel chains such as Marriott’s and Accor group are opening their hotels in developing countries such as India, Singapore etc. The process of globalization has played a major role in expanding their profits and laying their business across their own boundaries. Majority countriesRead MoreStarbucks : What Key Driving Forces Coffee Shop Retailers?1352 Words   |  6 Pagespresent and future, it’s important to look at the external situation that surrounds them. By performing a five forces analysis it can be decided if the industry is strong enough for outsiders to enter and prevail. The next consideration is what key driving forces coffee shop retailers should concentrate. Those forces are: increasing globalization, marketing innovation, changes in cost and efficiency and changing societal concerns, attitude and lifestyles. It’s also important to recognize the strengths

The Merchant of Venice-Shylock Analysis Free Essays

In Shakespeare’s edgy and suspenseful play, â€Å"The Merchant of Venice†, the character of Shylock may evoke complex feelings within the reader. Shylock is clearly a villain in the sense that he takes repeatedly takes advantage of people in vulnerable economic situations and makes a handsome living in this way. He is not an inherently likeable character throughout   Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Merchant of Venice† by Shakespeare; he avoids friendships, he is cranky, and he is steadfast in his beliefs to the point of being rigid. We will write a custom essay sample on The Merchant of Venice-Shylock Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Any character analysis of Shylock in â€Å"The Merchant of Venice† should note his tendency for selfish behavior and thinking. Shylock is also a man who is unreasonable and self-thinking, demanding, as one of the important quotes in â€Å"The Merchant of Venice† goes, â€Å"a weight of carrion flesh† (IV. i. 41) from a man he suspects will not be able to repay him simply because it is his â€Å"humour† to do so (IV. i. 43). Because he is the villain of this play, justice can only be served if Shakespeare’s Shylock is punished in a manner that is congruent with his violations of social norms and laws. At the same time, though, his punishment is problematic for it seems to mimic the very crime of which Shylock is really being accused, and that crime is absolutism. By insisting that Shylock must be punished in the way that he is in ‘The Merchant of Venice†, Shakespeare raises doubts about the purity of Christian love and mercy, which certainly creates implications for the very notions of both punishment and villainy. Shylock is a man who is hardly likeable in all aspects throughout   Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Merchant of Venice†. Already a marginalized member of Venetian society because he is a Jew and occupies the stereotypical profession of the money-grubbing guarantor, Shylock ensures that his peers and the audience will not like him because of his unreasonableness and unwillingness to let go of his tendencies to be greedy, even in a situation that seems to warrant mercy and pity. In several instances in   Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Merchant of Venice† he takes a perverse pleasure in what he refers to in one of the important quotes from â€Å"The Merchant of Venice† by Shakespeare, â€Å"a merry sport† of exacting â€Å"an equal pound/Of†¦fair flesh to be cut off and taken/In what part of [the] body pleaseth me† as the terms of a loan agreement (I. iii. 151-146), terms which he refuses to justify. At the same time, though, the reader, when performing even a basic character analysis of Shylock, can feel a curious compassion for this character, who is so clearly disliked. Although he has imposed isolation on himself by declaring that he will not â€Å"eat/ with you, drink with you, nor pray with you. † ( I. iii/ ll. 33-34), one begins to understand why he has withdrawn from social life when he makes his moving speech in Act III, in which it is asked by Shylock who is the victim of racism, â€Å"Hath not a Jew eyes? Hath not a Jew hands, organs, dimensions, senses, affections, passions? † (III. i. 54). The reader begins to understand how Shylock has never been understood because no one has ever seen him for anything other than his Jewishness. Again, this complicates the reader’s relationship with his character and the subsequent punishment he receives because although he is not likable, one cannot help but sympathize with his plight as an outcast. It is Shylock himself who teaches the reader and his own peers the most about Christian love and mercy in   Ã¢â‚¬ The Merchant of Venice†. As he continues his Act III speech, he muses about the similarities between Jews and Christians   in one of the meaningful quotes, saying, â€Å"Fed†¦ the same food, hurt with the same weapons, subject to the same diseases, healed by the same means†¦ as a Christian is†¦. ,† and then confronts his Christian accusers and judges with three profound questions that invoke these themes in â€Å"Merchant of Venice†: â€Å"If you prick us, do we not bleed? † If you tickle us do we not laugh? If you poison us, do we not die? † (III. . 54-62). The cycle of strange violence that Shylock has set into motion will not end once his punishment has been meted out to him, as he goes on to warn in the remainder of the speech. Rather than learn this lesson—namely, that revenge in the guise of justice will never result in anything other than more revenge—Shylock receives his punishment. Years later, we see the same kinds of issues played out in so ciety, proving that we have learned little about what Shakespeare hoped to teach us through Shylock. How to cite The Merchant of Venice-Shylock Analysis, Essay examples

The Effect Of Innovative Benefits And Services On Employee Retention E

The Effect Of Innovative Benefits And Services On Employee Retention WEBSTER UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL THE EFFECT OF INNOVATIVE BENEFITS AND SERVICES ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION AT SAS INSTITUTE, INC. by A paper presented to the Graduate School of Webster University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts July 26, 2000 Pope Airforce Base, NC Abstract Employee benefits programs are crucial to the recruitment and retention of employees in any industry. Effective programs enable employees to better cope with the demands of home and the workplace. These same policies can also contribute to lower employee turnover rates, retention of qualified employees, and motivation of workers. The computer industry has become the leader not only in technology and business, but also in the need for technically qualified employees. This personnel demand and the strength of the economy have created a job market in which skilled individuals are difficult to retain. SAS Institute Inc., based in Cary, NC has successfully created a corporate work environment that has significantly benefited the company, and placed SAS as one of the most desirable companies to work for in the US. Table of Contents 1. Overview..?Page 4, Paragraph 1 2. Demand for competent employees in today's economy..Page 4, Paragraph 2 3. How benefits and services falls fits in HR modelPage 5, Paragraph 1-2 4. Human Resource department responsibilities a. Recruitment.?..Page 5, Paragraph 2 b. Retention..Page 5, Paragraph 3-Page 6, Paragraph 3 c. Compensation..?.Page 6, Paragraph 4 d. Corporate Culture..Page 6, Paragraph 5 5. The SAS Institute: a. Background...Page 7, Paragraph 1 b. Comparison of benefits study by Albertson.Page 7, Paragraph 2 6. SAS Benefits: a. Child care facility....Page 8, Paragraph 2 b. Medical Clinic.Page 8, Paragraph 3 c. 35-hour work week.Page 9, Paragraph 1 d. Fitness facilityPage 9, Paragraph 2 e. Cafeteria..Page 9, Paragraph 3 f. Ergonomics.Page 10, Paragraph 1 g. Vacation/sick days..Page 10, Paragraph 2 7. Comparison to similar companies.....Page 11, Paragraph 4 8. SAS Awards and other recognition...Page 12, Paragraph 2 List of Tables/Appendices 1. Table of company comparison...Page 12 2. Data extract: Study of benefits and working conditions among manufacturers?APPENDIX A In the computer industry, as in any industry, companies are always striving to attract and retain skilled, loyal employees. In today's thriving economy, this task has become a challenge for some companies. Skilled workers have become free agents who can invest their human capital in the companies of their choice. The Human Resources department is at the forefront of this challenge, tackling recruitment, retention, compensation, and contributing to corporate culture. SAS Institute Inc. is a software manufacturing company that has recently risen to the top in both business and financial success, and also in employee retention rates. SAS's innovative approach to treatment of its employees has made the company an example of how an effective employee benefits program can reap rewards in many aspects of the business. The list of employee benefits and new-age perks is striking. A recent survey was conducted (see Appendix A), in which the benefits and working conditions among manufacturers were compared. SAS Institute provides better benefits at a significantly higher percentage than most companies, (Albertson, 2000). Although competitive companies offer similar benefits and services, SAS remains a leader, evidenced by the company's low turnover rate. When comparing SAS Institute with Nortel Networks, IBM, Cisco, and Intel the SAS benefits are superior. The SAS Institute has received many awards in several areas, and has been named as one of the top companies to work for in the US (Branch, 1999). The unemployment rate in the United States has reached the lowest level in nearly 11 years, roughly 5 percent since 1997 (Solomon, 1997). The proportion of people with jobs is at an all-time high, and the economy continues to grow. Economic growth continues to rise as inflation is remaining steady, and consumer confidence is high (Solomon, 1997). The ?Employment Outlook Survey? of 16,000 companies conducted by Manpower Inc. predicts that 30 percent will seek additional employees in the near future (Solomon, 1997). Because of this upward trend in the economy, for many businesses the biggest obstacle is in labor shortages. Now faced with continual changes in technology and development of new products, the demand for skilled employees in the computer industry is even more taxing. Workers possessing these shortage skills are so critically needed that they are able to ?write their own ticket.? A programmer may be hired by company